The growing presence of UAS in Very Low Level (VLL) airspace, especially in urban areas, poses new challenges for both traditional aviation stakeholders and new entrants like UAS operators, law enforcement, and environmental authorities, particularly in safety, security, environment, and privacy.

To address these issues, authorities worldwide have adopted measures such as the Specific Operations Risk Assessment (SORA) model, a well-established methodology already adopted by EASA across Europe. However, SORA, being primarily qualitative, has certain limitations that must be addressed to make it fully effective for Air Risk Assessment. Additionally, its complexity makes it cumbersome to apply, and the operational approval process often takes a considerable amount of time.

Based on this, the U-AGREE team proposes the following solution: develop and validate through simulation, an improved air and ground risk model over SORA in order to more accurately link operations of UAS with their multidimensional harmful effects on safety, security, privacy, and environment in the VLL. It will also define safety and performance requirements for UAS, U-space services, and their supporting CNS systems, enabling comprehensive air risk assessments aligned with European regulations.